| Properties | Information | |
|---|---|---|
| PhytoCAT-ID | PhytoCAT-1210 | |
| Phytochemical name or plant extracts | Withaferin A | |
| PMID | 30685490 | |
| Literature evidence | Functional studies revealed that DRP1 deficiency and OPA1 knockdown attenuated apoptotic potential of WA. | |
| IUPAC name | (1S,2R,6S,7R,9R,11S,12S,15R,16S)-6-hydroxy-15-[(1S)-1-[(2R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-6-oxo-2,3-dihydropyran-2-yl]ethyl]-2,16-dimethyl-8-oxapentacyclo[9.7.0.02,7.07,9.012,16]octadec-4-en-3-one | |
| Phytochemicals’ class or type of plant extracts | Steroidal lactone | |
| Source of phytochemicals or plant Extracts | Withania somnifera | |
| Geographical availability | Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Assam, Bangladesh, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, Chad, China North-Central, China South-Central, Cyprus, Djibouti, East Aegean Is., Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Free State, Greece, Gulf States, India, Iran, Kenya, Kriti, KwaZulu-Natal, Lebanon-Syria, Lesotho, Libya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Rwanda, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, Sinai, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, West Himalaya, Yemen, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe | |
| Plant parts | Leaves and root | |
| Other cancers | Breast cancer | |
| Target gene or protein | STAT-3, Notch2, Notch 4, ATR, CHK1 | |
| Gene or Protein evidence | Withaferin A inhibits activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in human breast cancer cells. Withaferin A causes activation of Notch2 and Notch4 in human breast cancer cells. Exposure of breast cancer cells to WA also resulted in suppression of protein level as well as phosphorylation of ATR and its downstream effector kinase (checkpoint kinase 1; CHK1). | |
| Target pathways | Lipopolysaccharides-stimulated macrophage products enhance Withaferin A-induced apoptosis via activation of caspases and inhibition of NF-kappaB pathway in human cancer cells | |
| IC50 | 1.19 µM against Hs578T | |
| Potency | Taken together, these results indicate that WA not only alters Complex III assembly but also inhibits mitochondrial dynamics in breast cancer cells. | |
| Cell line/ mice model | MCF-7, SUM159, MDA-MB-231 | |
| Additional information | WA not only alters Complex III assembly but also inhibits mitochondrial dynamics in breast cancer cells. | |
| PubChem ID | 265237 | |
| Additional PMIDs | 19003581 20724373 21853114 22965833 24297176 24019090 24293234 24995417 25969134 27097807 27915154 29062040 29966656 30685490 31441116 31995002 32563149 33509807 24069380 27110497 28688542 24498382 28534825 29689276 14575818 21978374 21432907 22935676 23607597 24824039 24422976 24098060 26169123 21464939 29603395 22705001 23821767 20798912 | |
| Additional sources of information | https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:821709-1 | |
| Safety | In both models, sWRE and Withaferin A showed dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth and metastatic lung nodule formation with minimal systemic toxicity. |