| Properties | Information | |
|---|---|---|
| PhytoCAT-ID | PhytoCAT-742 | |
| Phytochemical name or plant extracts | Trifolin | |
| PMID | 32847047 | |
| Literature evidence | The current findings of this study include a novel comprehensive investigation on the polyphenol composition and anticancer effects of leaf extracts of F. alnus and P. harmala from natural populations in Saudi Arabia. | |
| IUPAC name | 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | |
| Phytochemicals’ class or type of plant extracts | Flavonoid | |
| Source of phytochemicals or plant Extracts | Frangula alnus | |
| Geographical availability | Albania, Algeria, Altay, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Central European Rus, Corse, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East European Russia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Krasnoyarsk, Krym, Morocco, Netherlands, North Caucasus, North European Russi, Northwest European R, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, South European Russi, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Tuva, Ukraine, West Siberia, Xinjiang, Yugoslavia | |
| Plant parts | Leaves | |
| Other cancers | Breast cancer, Colorectal cancer, Cervical cancer | |
| Target gene or protein | NA | |
| Gene or Protein evidence | NA | |
| Target pathways | NA | |
| IC50 | 28.21 ± 1.6 µg/mL against MCF-7 | |
| Potency | Several polyphenols were identified by HPLC-DAD in the leaf extracts, including p-coumaric acid, rosmarinic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, quercitrin, rutoside, quercetin and trifolin, in F. alnus, and hydrocaffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid and cynaroside, in P. harmala. F. alnus and P. harmala leaf extracts showed antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities against cancer cells using MTT and flow cytometry assays. | |
| Cell line/ mice model | Jurkat, MCF-7, HeLa, HT-31 | |
| Additional information | Trifolin induced apoptosis via death receptor-dependent and mitochondria-dependent pathways and that trifolin can be used as a therapeutic agent in human lung cancer. | |
| PubChem ID | 5282149 | |
| Additional PMIDs | 27444344 | |
| Additional sources of information | https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:717344-1 | |
| Safety | NA |