| Properties | Information | |
|---|---|---|
| PhytoCAT-ID | PhytoCAT-1145 | |
| Phytochemical name or plant extracts | Thymoquinone (TQ) | |
| PMID | 32735937 | |
| Literature evidence | Besides, decreased p-FAK expression or regression in Mammosphere & tumor size in ex-ovo xenograft model is indicative of the better anti-tumorigenic potential of the dual formulation. | |
| IUPAC name | 2-methyl-5-propan-2-ylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione | |
| Phytochemicals’ class or type of plant extracts | Quinone | |
| Source of phytochemicals or plant Extracts | Nigella sativa | |
| Geographical availability | Bulgaria, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, North Caucasus, Romania, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkmenistan | |
| Plant parts | Seeds | |
| Other cancers | Breast cancer, Colorectal cancer, Bone cancer, Ovarian cancer, Leukemia, Pancreatic cancer | |
| Target gene or protein | HSPA6, CXCR4, p53, DNMT1,3A,3B, G9A, HDAC1,4,9, KDM1B, KMT2A,B,C,D,E, DLC1, PPARG, ST7, FOXO6, TET2, CYP1B1, SALL4, DDIT3, RASL11B, RASD1, GNG3, BAD, BIK | |
| Gene or Protein evidence | Moreover, TQ enhanced the inhibitory effect of migration and invasion when HSPA6 was overexpressed, while HSPA6 was knocked down, TQ attenuated the effects of HSPA6-promoted migration and invasion, demonstrating a partially dependent manner through HSPA6 by TQ treatment. TQ was found to inhibit the expression of CXCR4 in MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Our results demonstrated that TQ could induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells through up-regulation of P53 expression in breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) by time-dependent manner. We found that many key epigenetic players, including ubiquitin-like containing plant homeodomain (PHD) and really interesting new gene (RING) finger domains 1 (UHRF1), DNMT1,3A,3B, G9A, HDAC1,4,9, KDM1B, and KMT2A,B,C,D,E, were downregulated in TQ-treated Jurkat cells. Interestingly, several TSGs, such as DLC1, PPARG, ST7, FOXO6, TET2, CYP1B1, SALL4, and DDIT3, known to be epigenetically silenced in various tumors, including acute leukemia, were upregulated, along with the upregulation of several downstream pro-apoptotic genes, such as RASL11B, RASD1, GNG3, BAD, and BIK. Data obtained from RNA sequencing were confirmed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in Jurkat cells, as well as in a human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-468 cells). We found that the decrease in cell proliferation and in the expression of UHRF1, DNMT1, G9a, and HDAC1 genes in both cancer cell (Jurkat cells and MDA-MB-468 cells) lines depends on the TQ dose. | |
| Target pathways | TQ is reported to be an effective inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt1 pathway in MBC. In conclusion, the results indicate that TQ primarily exerts its anti-metastatic effects by down-regulation of NF-κB regulated CXCR4 expression and thus has potential for the treatment of breast cancer. | |
| IC50 | 25 μM against MCF-7 | |
| Potency | Thymoquinone & Emodin attempted to achieve deliverables like reduced cellular toxicity, drug resistance, anti-migratory potency & stemness. | |
| Cell line/ mice model | MCF-7, MBD-MB 231 | |
| Additional information | Thymoquinone is a natural compound with widespread protective effects, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial. H1047L sensitize breast cancer cells to thymoquinone treatment by regulating the PI3K/Akt1 pathway. | |
| PubChem ID | 10281 | |
| Additional PMIDs | 27540530 31058255 31844767 23900121 24270600 31073144 12469192 22788741 32735937 20585163 33115388 33773553 34238140 28250648 28606050 30076320 34003069 20087986 22960073 24044882 24579801 25771001 27141285 30564115 31030489 34017687 34490824 33845751 34816327 31141941 32351178 33217989 22623883 28001351 26540192 32243981 24941454 | |
| Additional sources of information | https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:711687-1 | |
| Safety | NA |