| Properties | Information | |
|---|---|---|
| PhytoCAT-ID | PhytoCAT-686 | |
| Phytochemical name or plant extracts | Sanguinarine | |
| PMID | 18189268 | |
| Literature evidence | In this study, we investigated the underling mechanisms by which sanguinarine induce apoptosis in human breast cancer MDA-231 cells. | |
| IUPAC name | 24-methyl-5,7,18,20-tetraoxa-24-azoniahexacyclo[11.11.0.02,10.04,8.014,22.017,21]tetracosa-1(24),2,4(8),9,11,13,15,17(21),22-nonaene | |
| Phytochemicals’ class or type of plant extracts | Alkaloid | |
| Source of phytochemicals or plant Extracts | Sanguinaria canadensis | |
| Geographical availability | Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Québec, Rhode I., South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin | |
| Plant parts | Root | |
| Other cancers | Breast cancer | |
| Target gene or protein | STAT-3 , XIAP, Caspase 3, Bcl-2, cIAP2, XIAP, c-FLIPs, p21, p27, Cyclin D1, Topoisomerase II | |
| Gene or Protein evidence | Sanguinarine inhibited STAT3 activation through targeting its upstream EphB4 and accelerating STAT3 dephosphorylation. During sanguinarin-induced apoptosis, protein levels of pro-caspase-3, Bcl-2, cIAP2, XIAP, and c-FLIPs were reduced. RESULTS: The results of this study demonstrate that sanguinarine mediates ROS production, and that this mediation is followed by a decrease in MMP, the release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and downregulation of antiapoptosis factor XIAP and cIAP-1. Previous studies have shown that this DNA-binding phytochemical can arrest a number of different types of transformed cells in G0/G1, and upregulate the CKIs p21 and p27 while downregulating multiple cyclins and CDKs. 5-10 microM sanguinarine effectively inhibits MCF-7 proliferation after a single application of drug. This growth inhibition is accompanied by a striking relocalization of cyclin D1 and topoisomerase II from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and this effect persists for at least three days after drug addition. | |
| Target pathways | Apoptotic pathway | |
| IC50 | NA | |
| Potency | Additionally, we found that sub-lethal doses of sanguinarine remarkably sensitized breast cancer cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis, but the cell death induced by sanguinarine and TRAIL in combination was not blocked by overexpression of Bcl-2 or Akt. Therefore, combinatory treatment of sanguinarine and TRAIL may overcome the resistance of breast cancer cells due to overexpression of Akt or Bcl-2. | |
| Cell line/ mice model | NA | |
| Additional information | Sanguinarine was the most cytotoxic alkaloid against CEM/ADR5000, MCF-7, and CCRF-CEM cells alone and in combination with digitonin. | |
| PubChem ID | 5154 | |
| Additional PMIDs | 28270066 23062361 16512916 18189268 18667818 32065498 33636580 32635287 33626427 | |
| Additional sources of information | https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:673993-1 | |
| Safety | NA |