| Properties | Information | |
|---|---|---|
| PhytoCAT-ID | PhytoCAT-1503 | |
| Phytochemical name or plant extracts | Rosmarinic acid | |
| PMID | 30393841 | |
| Literature evidence | CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study suggest that RA might be used as an adjuvant therapeutic factor in BC treatment. | |
| IUPAC name | (2R)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-[(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxypropanoic acid | |
| Phytochemicals’ class or type of plant extracts | Polyphenolic compound | |
| Source of phytochemicals or plant Extracts | Melissa officinalis, Rosemary plant Salvia officinalis | |
| Geographical availability | Melissa officinalis L. - Albania, Algeria, Baleares, Bulgaria, Corse, Cyprus, East Aegean Is., France, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kirgizstan, Kriti, Lebanon-Syria, Morocco, North Caucasus, Palestine, Portugal, Sardegna, Sicilia, Spain, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia. Salvia officinalis L. - Albania, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, Yugoslavia | |
| Plant parts | NA | |
| Other cancers | Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Liver cancer, Colon cancer | |
| Target gene or protein | MDM2, ZEB1, ABCB1, PTEN, TWIST1, COX-2, Tyrosinase | |
| Gene or Protein evidence | Significant increase of the ZEB1 gene expression, which was about 6.5-fold for 0.2 μM DOX + 50 μM RA (p < 0.05), a decrease of the MDM2 gene expression was observed in all of the examined variants and was about 40-75% (p < 0.05), No influence of DOX and RA combined with DOX on the ABCB1, TWIST1 and PTEN genes was found. The anti-AP1 effects of RA were also examined in a nonmalignant breast epithelial cell line (MCF10A) in which RA antagonized the stimulatory effects of TPA on COX-2 protein expression (5 micromol/L, P < 0.05, 10 and 20 micromol/L, P < 0.01), the recruitment of c-Jun and c-Fos (10 micromol/L, P < 0.01) to the COX-2/CRE oligonucleotides, and activation of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) (10 micromol/L, P < 0.01), a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. This is the first report on the essential oil and aroma compositions, the phenolic compounds, the antioxidant with total phenolic and flavonoid contents, cytotoxic, anticholinesterase, urease, and tyrosinase activities of Nepeta heliotropifolia and N. congesta subsp. cryptantha, except for their essential oil compositions. | |
| Target pathways | We found that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) signaling pathway was involved in RA-mediated inhibition of HepG2 cell metastasis. | |
| IC50 | 4.2 µg/mL against MCF-7 | |
| Potency | Rosmarinic acid (GH-5) possesses potent anticancer activity against breast cancer cells (MCF7) with the IC50 value of 4.2 µg/mL. | |
| Cell line/ mice model | MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, HCT116, NCI-H460, NCI-H460/R , MCR-5, NCI-H82, DU-145, Hep-3B, K-562, PC-3 | |
| Additional information | In addition, the cotreatment with RA reduced (5 micromol/L, P < 0.05, 10 and 20 micromol/L, P < 0.01) TPA-induced transcription from a control activator protein-1 (AP-1) promoter-luciferase construct and repressed binding of the AP-1 factors c-Jun (10 micromol/L, P < 0.01) and c-Fos (10 micromol/L, P < 0.05) to COX-2 promoter oligonucleotides harboring a cAMP-response element (CRE). In addition, our findings indicate that other compounds in S. khuzistanica extracts may act synergistically to potentiate the anticancer activity of RA. | |
| PubChem ID | 5281792 | |
| Additional PMIDs | 30393841 34085575 35210693 34070057 33418860 33262368 25141946 29790547 29710781 31459900 31096565 23790919 27422165 30659804 34421584 34072744 34828991 31869453 20449663 30257409 26077136 26075899 31783509 18936204 | |
| Additional sources of information | https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:450084-1 https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:456833-1 | |
| Safety | NA |