| Properties | Information | |
|---|---|---|
| PhytoCAT-ID | PhytoCAT-1016 | |
| Phytochemical name or plant extracts | Pyranocycloartobiloxanthone A (PA) | |
| PMID | 22739412 | |
| Literature evidence | High content screening (HCS) was used to observe the nuclear condensation, cell permeability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cytochrome c release. | |
| IUPAC name | 12,19,22,24-tetrahydroxy-8,8,18-trimethyl-3,9,20-trioxahexacyclo[15.7.1.0²,¹⁵.0⁴,¹³.0⁵,¹⁰.0²¹,²⁵]pentacosa-1(25),2(15),4,6,10,12,21,23-octaen-14-one | |
| Phytochemicals’ class or type of plant extracts | Xanthone | |
| Source of phytochemicals or plant Extracts | Artocarpus obtusus | |
| Geographical availability | Borneo | |
| Plant parts | Stem | |
| Other cancers | Breast cancer | |
| Target gene or protein | Bax, Bcl-2 | |
| Gene or Protein evidence | Treatment of MCF7 cells with PA induced apoptosis with cell death-transducing signals, that regulate the MMP by down-regulation of Bcl2 and up-regulation of Bax, triggering the cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytosol. The release of cytochrome c triggered the activation of caspases-9, then activates downstream executioner caspase-3/7 and consequently cleaved specific substrates leading to apoptotic changes. | |
| Target pathways | NF-κB and Bcl2/Bax signaling pathways | |
| IC50 | At 24h, 48h: 3.5 ± 0.50 μg/ml, 1.4 ± 0.21 μg/ml against MCF-7 respectively | |
| Potency | Pyranocycloartobiloxanthone A (1) showed strong free radical scavenging activity by using DPPH assay as well as cytotoxicity towards K562, HL-60, and MCF7 cell lines. | |
| Cell line/ mice model | MCF-7, K562, HL-60 | |
| Additional information | Treatment with PA significantly decreased nuclear area, cell morphology, cell membrane permeability as shown by the multiparameter apoptosis analysis. Due to the ability in activation of cellular apoptotic program directly, mitochondria have been described to play a central role in the apoptotic process . | |
| PubChem ID | 46216999 | |
| Additional PMIDs | 20390751 | |
| Additional sources of information | https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:582631-1 | |
| Safety | NA |