| Properties | Information | |
|---|---|---|
| PhytoCAT-ID | PhytoCAT-28 | |
| Phytochemical name or plant extracts | Polyphenol mixtures of Euphorbia supina | |
| PMID | 26397047 | |
| Literature evidence | Polyphenol mixtures of Euphorbia supina the inhibit invasion and metastasis of highly metastatic breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. | |
| IUPAC name | NA | |
| Phytochemicals’ class or type of plant extracts | Polyphenol mixture | |
| Source of phytochemicals or plant Extracts | Euphorbia supina | |
| Geographical availability | Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Bahamas, Belize, Connecticut, Cuba, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Québec, Rhode I., South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming | |
| Plant parts | NA | |
| Other cancers | Breast cancer | |
| Target gene or protein | Snail1 , N-cadherin, MMP9, LOX, TNF-α-mediated VCAM-1 | |
| Gene or Protein evidence | PES dose‑dependently suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition by downregulating the mesenchymal markers, Snail1 and N-cadherin, showing significant inhibition from 1 and 5 µg/ml, respectively. In addition, PES significantly inhibited MMP-9 activity and LOX release induced by TNF-α at 5 µg/ml. The results showed that PES effectively reduced TNF-α-mediated VCAM-1 expression but not ICAM expression both in the MDA-MB-231 cells and ECs, resulting in the reduced adhesion of MDA-MB-231 to ECs. | |
| Target pathways | NA | |
| IC50 | NA | |
| Potency | The results showed that PES effectively reduced TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 but not ICAM expression in both the MDA-MB-231 cells and ECs, resulting in the decreased adhesion of MDA-MB-231 cells to ECs. Furthermore, PES suppressed LOX secretion by TNF-α, suggesting that PES efficiently inhibited the invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. | |
| Cell line/ mice model | MDA-MB-231 | |
| Additional information | Firstly, PES showed no cytotoxicity on cancer cells and endothelial cells (ECs) at the doses of 0.1-10 µg/ml, but showed significant cytotoxicity from 50 µg/ml. | |
| PubChem ID | NA | |
| Additional PMIDs | NA | |
| Additional sources of information | https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:102020-2 | |
| Safety | Finally, PES effectively inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell invasion through ECs, suggesting that PES may serve as a therapeutic agent against cancer metastasis with minimal cytotoxicity to normal cells. |