| Properties | Information | |
|---|---|---|
| PhytoCAT-ID | PhytoCAT-74 | |
| Phytochemical name or plant extracts | Platycodin D (PD) | |
| PMID | 26184636 | |
| Literature evidence | The induction of apoptosis was estimated using TUNEL staining and a caspase-3 activity assay. | |
| IUPAC name | [(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-4-[(2S,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-5,11-dihydroxy-9,9-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,12a-pentamethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate | |
| Phytochemicals’ class or type of plant extracts | Triterpenoid saponin | |
| Source of phytochemicals or plant Extracts | Platycodon grandiflorus | |
| Geographical availability | Amur, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Inner Mongolia, Japan, Khabarovsk, Korea, Manchuria, Primorye | |
| Plant parts | Root | |
| Other cancers | Breast cancer | |
| Target gene or protein | ASK1, PERK, eIF 2alpha, GRP78/Bip, CHOP/GADD153, Caspase 4 | |
| Gene or Protein evidence | we found that PD activated apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) through phosphorylation of ASK1 at threonine and dephosphorylation of ASK1 at serine. PD caused activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. This was supported by observations showing that treatment with PD induces phosphorylation of PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) and eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF 2alpha), up-regulating expression of glucose-regulated protein 78/immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (GRP78/Bip) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein/growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (CHOP/GADD153) and activation of caspase-4. | |
| Target pathways | Akt and MAPK pathways PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway | |
| IC50 | NA | |
| Potency | PD may block breast cancer-induced bone loss by suppressing the formation, activity, and survival of osteoclasts, as well as the growth of metastatic breast cancer cells. | |
| Cell line/ mice model | MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 | |
| Additional information | Platycodin D induces reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 activation and endoplasmic reticulum stress response in human breast cancer cells. These results provide a basic mechanism for the anticancer properties of PD and suggest that PD is a promising candidate for chemotherapy and chemoprevention of breast cancer. | |
| PubChem ID | 162859 | |
| Additional PMIDs | 23867902 22784044 20412017 | |
| Additional sources of information | https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:144523-1 | |
| Safety | NA |