| Properties | Information | |
|---|---|---|
| PhytoCAT-ID | PhytoCAT-1422 | |
| Phytochemical name or plant extracts | Peganum harmala's extract | |
| PMID | 28352583 | |
| Literature evidence | This research was done to evaluate the induction of apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line by Peganum harmala's extract, in which a significant amount of ß-carbolines is included. | |
| IUPAC name | NA | |
| Phytochemicals’ class or type of plant extracts | Ethanolic extract | |
| Source of phytochemicals or plant Extracts | Peganum harmala | |
| Geographical availability | Afghanistan, Algeria, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, China North-Central, Cyprus, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Egypt, Greece, India, Inner Mongolia, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Krym, Kuwait, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Mongolia, Morocco, North Caucasus, Pakistan, Palestine, Qinghai, Romania, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Sinai, South European Russi, Spain, Tadzhikistan, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Tuva, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya, Xinjiang, Yemen, Yugoslavia | |
| Plant parts | Seeds | |
| Other cancers | Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Liver cancer, Ovarian cancer, Colon cancer, Cervical cancer, Stomach cancer, Colorectal cancer, Leukemia | |
| Target gene or protein | Bax, Puma, TRAIL, Caspase 8, Bid, Bcl-2, Caspase 6, Caspase 9 | |
| Gene or Protein evidence | As long as the expression of anti-apoptosis Bcl-2 gen reduced dramatically, an over-expression in Bax and Puma genes was monitored indicating activation of intrinsic apoptosis pathway. A notable over-expression observed with TRAIL and Caspase8 genes as well as Bid gene. Causes activation of caspase family enzymes 2, 6, 8 and 9 in cancer cells | |
| Target pathways | Intrinsic apoptosis pathway | |
| IC50 | 32 mg/L against MCF-7 | |
| Potency | NA | |
| Cell line/ mice model | MDA-MB-231, A2780, PC3, A549, HepG2, HT-29, HeLa, Jurkat,HL-60, HCT-116 , SGC-7901 | |
| Additional information | NA | |
| PubChem ID | NA | |
| Additional PMIDs | 24380828 34194262 32847047 23339401 28352583 33951988 26362768 25054213 | |
| Additional sources of information | https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:774545-1 | |
| Safety | Peganum harmala (seeds) exhibited significant cytotoxic activity on Artemia salina with LC50 value of 61.547 µg/mL, while P. harmala (roots) [LC50 = 124.229 µg/mL]. P. harmala (seeds) extract also showed the maximum antitumor potential with 52.278 µg/mL LC50. |