| Properties | Information | |
|---|---|---|
| PhytoCAT-ID | PhytoCAT-1347 | |
| Phytochemical name or plant extracts | Lemon extract | |
| PMID | 22126498 | |
| Literature evidence | In the present study, the antitumor activity of methanolic extract of lemon fruit (lemon extract, LE) (LE) on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was investigated in vitro. | |
| IUPAC name | NA | |
| Phytochemicals’ class or type of plant extracts | Methanolic extract, Aqueous extract | |
| Source of phytochemicals or plant Extracts | Citrus limon | |
| Geographical availability | Albania, Assam, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Borneo, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Cape Verde, Chad, China Southeast, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, East Himalaya, El Salvador, Fiji, Florida, Galápagos, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Haiti, Honduras, India, Jamaica, Korea, Laos, Leeward Is., Mexico Southeast, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, New Caledonia, Oman, Peru, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Spain, Sri Lanka, Tadzhikistan, Tonga, Trinidad-Tobago, Vietnam | |
| Plant parts | Fruits | |
| Other cancers | Breast cancer | |
| Target gene or protein | JAK1, JAK2, TYK2, IRF7, IRF3 gene, p53, Caspase 3, Bax, Bcl-2, cyt-c, PARP | |
| Gene or Protein evidence | Lemon water extract was most effective with 32 dilutions with IC50 48.67%, by upregulating JAK1, JAK2, TYK2, IRF7 and IRF3 gene expressions of the JAK/STAT pathway. The apoptosis mediated by LE extract in the MCF-7 cells was associated with the increased expression of the tumor suppressor p53 and caspase-3. Additionally, the expression of a pro-apoptotic gene, bax, was increased, and the expression of an anti-apoptotic gene, bcl-2, was decreased by LE extract treatment, resulting in a shift in the Bax:Bcl-2 ratio to one that favored apoptosis. The expression of a major apoptotic gene, caspase-3, was increased by LE extract treatment. Treatment of the MeOH:water (80:20) extract induced DNA fragmentation and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Increased levels of Bax and cytosolic cytochrome C and decreased levels of Bcl2 were also observed in MeOH:water (80:20) treated MCF-7 cells. | |
| Target pathways | JAK/STAT pathway | |
| IC50 | MDA-MB-231 - 48.67% | |
| Potency | In conclusion, the MeOH:water (80:20) extract from lemon seed has potent antioxidant activity and induces apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, leading to the inhibition of proliferation. | |
| Cell line/ mice model | Vero, MDA-MB-231, MCF-12F, MCF-7 | |
| Additional information | LE extract can induce the apoptosis of MCF-7 breast cancer cells via Bax-related caspase-3 activation. | |
| PubChem ID | NA | |
| Additional PMIDs | 26075899 23117440 33238394 10652432 15226033 34853355 31340741 20657472 30690879 32348216 33749513 12087469 19697143 20100635 22056335 22876152 23556535 26909284 26442474 33156490 32929540 22853317 19596950 34724282 22864536 24072217 31201601 11365012 25560780 15142347 | |
| Additional sources of information | https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60454758-2 | |
| Safety | NA |