| Properties | Information | |
|---|---|---|
| PhytoCAT-ID | PhytoCAT-817 | |
| Phytochemical name or plant extracts | Harmine hydrochloride | |
| PMID | 34771123 | |
| Literature evidence | Recently, interest in novel approaches for BC has increased by developing new drugs derived from natural products with reduced side effects. | |
| IUPAC name | 7-methoxy-1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole;hydrochloride | |
| Phytochemicals’ class or type of plant extracts | Beta-carboline alkaloid | |
| Source of phytochemicals or plant Extracts | Peganum harmala | |
| Geographical availability | Afghanistan, Algeria, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, China North-Central, Cyprus, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Egypt, Greece, India, Inner Mongolia, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Krym, Kuwait, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Mongolia, Morocco, North Caucasus, Pakistan, Palestine, Qinghai, Romania, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Sinai, South European Russi, Spain, Tadzhikistan, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Tuva, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya, Xinjiang, Yemen, Yugoslavia | |
| Plant parts | Seeds | |
| Other cancers | Breast cancer | |
| Target gene or protein | PI3K, AKT, mTOR, FOXO3a | |
| Gene or Protein evidence | It also reduced the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR and increased FOXO3a expression. | |
| Target pathways | MAPKs and AKT/FOXO3a Signaling Pathways | |
| IC50 | At 24h, 48h, 72h: 100.6 μM, 52.4 μM, 18.7 μM against MCF-7 respectively 91.9 μM, 17.7 μM, 6.1 μM against MDA-MB-231 respectively | |
| Potency | These results indicate that mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and AKT/FOXO3a signaling pathways mediate the induction of cell cycle arrest following HMH treatment. Therefore, HMH could be a potential active compound for anticancer bioactivity in BC cells. | |
| Cell line/ mice model | MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 | |
| Additional information | Activated FOXO3a increased the expression of p53, p21, and their downstream proteins, including p-cdc25, p-cdc2, and cyclin B1, to induce G2/M cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, HMH inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway by significantly reducing p-AKT expression in combination with LY294002, an AKT inhibitor. | |
| PubChem ID | 5359389 | |
| Additional PMIDs | NA | |
| Additional sources of information | https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:774545-1 | |
| Safety | NA |