| Properties | Information | |
|---|---|---|
| PhytoCAT-ID | PhytoCAT-1493 | |
| Phytochemical name or plant extracts | Glycyrrhizic acid | |
| PMID | 29207188 | |
| Literature evidence | Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), the main component of licorice root extracts, has been shown to suppress cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in various types of cancers. | |
| IUPAC name | (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,11S,12aR,14aR,14bS)-11-carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,14b-heptamethyl-14-oxo-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picen-3-yl]oxy]-6-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid | |
| Phytochemicals’ class or type of plant extracts | Triterpenoid | |
| Source of phytochemicals or plant Extracts | Glycyrrhiza glabra | |
| Geographical availability | Afghanistan, Albania, Bulgaria, Central European Rus, China North-Central, Cyprus, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Mongolia, North Caucasus, Pakistan, Palestine, Romania, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, South European Russi, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, West Siberia, Xinjiang, Yugoslavia | |
| Plant parts | Root | |
| Other cancers | Breast cancer | |
| Target gene or protein | p62, Beclin-1-associated protein | |
| Gene or Protein evidence | Downregulation of p62- and beclin 1-associated proteins occurred after GA treatment, and, the conversion of LC3 and increased ROS without significant changes in caspase?associated proteins and intracellular responses were detected. | |
| Target pathways | ROS-mitochondrial pathway | |
| IC50 | 20 µM against MDA-MB-231 for 24h | |
| Potency | These results confirmed the hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction occurred via facilitation of apoptosis and autophagy potentially regulated by increased ROS levels in GA-treated breast cancer cells. Based on the antitumor activity profiles of GA treatment in vitro and the absence of cytotoxicity, we believe that GA has strong therapeutic value for use against breast cancers. | |
| Cell line/ mice model | MDA-MB-231 | |
| Additional information | The addition of a pan-caspase inhibitor (z-VAD-fmk) did not suppress the GA-induced apoptotic effect, and GA-induced apoptosis was not accompanied by processing of procaspase-8, -9 and -3. However, GA triggered the translocation of the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from the mitochondria into the nucleus. In contrast, GA-induced LC3 conversion was significantly inhibited by 3 methlyadenine (3MA), an inhibitor of PI3K?regulated autophagy. | |
| PubChem ID | 14982 | |
| Additional PMIDs | NA | |
| Additional sources of information | https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:496941-1 | |
| Safety | NA |