| Properties | Information | |
|---|---|---|
| PhytoCAT-ID | PhytoCAT-1936 | |
| Phytochemical name or plant extracts | Ginsenoside Rg5 | |
| PMID | 30207362 | |
| Literature evidence | Rg5 was proved to induce caspase-dependent apoptosis via the activation of the extrinsic death receptor and intrinsic mitochondrial signaling pathways. | |
| IUPAC name | (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[(3S,5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-[(2E)-6-methylhepta-2,5-dien-2-yl]-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | |
| Phytochemicals’ class or type of plant extracts | Triterpenoid saponin | |
| Source of phytochemicals or plant Extracts | Black ginseng | |
| Geographical availability | NA | |
| Plant parts | NA | |
| Other cancers | Breast cancer | |
| Target gene or protein | p53, p21(WAF1/CIP1), p15(INK4B), Cyclin D1, Cyclin E2, CDK4 | |
| Gene or Protein evidence | As shown in the results from western blot analysis, Rg5 increased expression of p53, p21(WAF1/CIP1) and p15(INK4B) and decreased expression of Cyclin D1, Cyclin E2 and CDK4. | |
| Target pathways | Further studies showed that Rg5 in a dose-dependent manner induced apoptosis and autophagy through the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway as indicated by the reduced phosphorylation level of PI3K and Akt. Rg5 was proved to induce caspase-dependent apoptosis via the activation of the extrinsic death receptor and intrinsic mitochondrial signaling pathways. These results indicate that Rg5 stimulated cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase via regulation of cell cycle-associated proteins in MCF-7 cells. Ginsenoside Rg5 induces apoptosis and autophagy via the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway against breast cancer in a mouse model. | |
| IC50 | NA | |
| Potency | Taken together, Rg5 could be a novel and promising clinical antitumor drug targeting breast cancer. | |
| Cell line/ mice model | BALB/c nude mouse model of human breast cancer, MCF-7 | |
| Additional information | Rg5 promotes breast cancer cell apoptosis in a multi-path manner with higher potency compared to 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) in MCF-7 (HER2-/ER+) and MDA-MB-453 (HER2+/ER-) human breast cancer cell lines, and this suggests that Rg5 might be an effective natural new material in improving breast cancer. | |
| PubChem ID | 11550001 | |
| Additional PMIDs | 26045685 30207362 | |
| Additional sources of information | NA | |
| Safety | NA |