| Properties | Information | |
|---|---|---|
| PhytoCAT-ID | PhytoCAT-1116 | |
| Phytochemical name or plant extracts | Ginkgo biloba extract | |
| PMID | 23335025 | |
| Literature evidence | In this study, we tested chemotherapeutic potential of GBE in the MDA-MB-231 (ER-negative) human breast cancer cell line. Our results showed that cytotoxicity effects of GBE in MDA-MB-231 lead to DNA fragmentation at high concentrations (500 and 1,000 μg/ml). | |
| IUPAC name | NA | |
| Phytochemicals’ class or type of plant extracts | Extract | |
| Source of phytochemicals or plant Extracts | Ginkgo biloba | |
| Geographical availability | China Southeast | |
| Plant parts | Leaves, Fruits | |
| Other cancers | Breast cancer | |
| Target gene or protein | Caspase 3, Bcl-2, Bax, CYP1B1, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor | |
| Gene or Protein evidence | Our results showed that cytotoxicity effects of GBE in MDA-MB-231 lead to DNA fragmentation at high concentrations (500 and 1,000 μg/ml). Caspase-3 was significantly activated and mRNA levels of apoptosis-related genes (Bcl-2 and Bax) were altered. Our results suggested that the inhibitory effects of the Ginkgo biloba extract on estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer proliferation and the induction of CYP1B1 expression may be exerted through an alternative pathway, independent of the estrogen receptor or the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway. | |
| Target pathways | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway | |
| IC50 | 72.65 μg/ml against MDA-MB-231 | |
| Potency | It is presumed that GBE has chemopreventive effects in ER-independent breast cancer through anti-proliferation and apoptosis-inducing activities. | |
| Cell line/ mice model | MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 | |
| Additional information | GBE has been traditionally used as a platelet activating factor, a circulatory stimulant, a tonic, and anti-asthmatic drug, and anti-cancer agent. In addition, treatment with ginkgo fruit extract resulted in a higher CYP1B1 expression in MDA-MB-231 cells compared to treatment with the Ginkgo biloba leaves extract. | |
| PubChem ID | NA | |
| Additional PMIDs | 24649031 | |
| Additional sources of information | https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:262125-1 | |
| Safety | NA |