| Properties | Information | |
|---|---|---|
| PhytoCAT-ID | PhytoCAT-351 | |
| Phytochemical name or plant extracts | Garcinol | |
| PMID | 22821148 | |
| Literature evidence | These novel findings suggest that the anticancer activity of garcinol against aggressive breast cancer cells is, in part, due to reversal of EMT phenotype, which is mechanistically linked with the deregulation of miR-200s, let-7s, NF-κB, and Wnt signaling pathways. ©2012 AACR. | |
| IUPAC name | (1S,5R,7R)-3-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-hydroxymethylidene]-6,6-dimethyl-5,7-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-1-[(2S)-5-methyl-2-prop-1-en-2-ylhex-4-enyl]bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4,9-trione | |
| Phytochemicals’ class or type of plant extracts | Xanthone | |
| Source of phytochemicals or plant Extracts | Garcinia indica | |
| Geographical availability | Assam, India | |
| Plant parts | Fruits | |
| Other cancers | Breast cancer | |
| Target gene or protein | miR-200s, let-7s, NF-κB, E-cadherin, Vimentin, ZEB-1, ZEB-2, STAT-3 | |
| Gene or Protein evidence | These novel findings suggest that the anticancer activity of garcinol against aggressive breast cancer cells is, in part, due to reversal of EMT phenotype, which is mechanistically linked with the deregulation of miR-200s, let-7s, NF-κB, and Wnt signaling pathways. This was associated with upregulation of epithelial marker E-cadherin and downregulation of mesenchymal markers vimentin, ZEB-1, and ZEB-2. Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone, obtained from plant Garcinia indica has been found to be an effective inhibitor of several key regulatory pathways (e.g., NF-kB, STAT3 etc.) in cancer cells, thereby being able to control malignant growth of solid tumours in vivo. | |
| Target pathways | Wnt signaling pathways | |
| IC50 | NA | |
| Potency | Moreover, treatment with garcinol resulted in increased phosphorylation of β-catenin concomitant with its reduced nuclear localization. The results were also validated in vivo in a xenograft mouse model where garcinol was found to inhibit NF-κB, miRNAs, vimentin, and nuclear β-catenin. | |
| Cell line/ mice model | MDA-MB-231, BT-549/xenograft mouse model | |
| Additional information | To gain further mechanistic insight, here, we show for the first time that garcinol effectively reverses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), that is, it induces mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) in aggressive triple-negative MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 breast cancer cells. This was associated with upregulation of epithelial marker E-cadherin and downregulation of mesenchymal markers vimentin, ZEB-1, and ZEB-2. | |
| PubChem ID | 174159 | |
| Additional PMIDs | 24998578 27671827 20108249 28145547 32365899 | |
| Additional sources of information | https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:428006-1 | |
| Safety | NA |