| Properties | Information | |
|---|---|---|
| PhytoCAT-ID | PhytoCAT-802 | |
| Phytochemical name or plant extracts | Eupatolide | |
| PMID | 19956887 | |
| Literature evidence | Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising candidate for cancer therapeutics due to its ability to induce apoptosis selectively in cancer cells. | |
| IUPAC name | (3aR,4R,6E,10E,11aR)-4-hydroxy-6,10-dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-2-one | |
| Phytochemicals’ class or type of plant extracts | Sesquiterpene lactone | |
| Source of phytochemicals or plant Extracts | Inula britannica | |
| Geographical availability | Albania, Altay, Amur, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, Central European Rus, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Corse, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East European Russia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hainan, Hungary, Inner Mongolia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Krym, Magadan, Manchuria, Mongolia, Nepal, Netherlands, North Caucasus, North European Russi, Northwest European R, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Qinghai, Romania, Sakhalin, South European Russi, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Tuva, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya, West Siberia, Xinjiang, Yakutskiya, Yugoslavia | |
| Plant parts | NA | |
| Other cancers | Breast cancer | |
| Target gene or protein | Vimentin , E-cadherin, EMT | |
| Gene or Protein evidence | Besides the anti-inflammatory function of eupatolide, the present study found that eupatolide suppressed the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells, which was associated with the downregulation of vimentin in MDA-MB-231 cells and the upregulation of E-cadherin in MCF-7 cells. Thus, suppressing EMT with a natural chemical compound may be of therapeutic benefit. | |
| Target pathways | The canonical ALK5-SMAD3 signaling pathway The non-canonical ERK and AKT signaling pathways. | |
| IC50 | NA | |
| Potency | Eupatolide also suppressed TGF-β1-induced EMT via downregulation of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (SMAD3) phosphorylation and transcriptional repression of TGF-β receptor 1 (ALK5). | |
| Cell line/ mice model | MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453 | |
| Additional information | In addition to this canonical pathway, the non-canonical protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways were also inhibited by eupatolide treatment. | |
| PubChem ID | 5281460 | |
| Additional PMIDs | 19956887 29113242 27452450 | |
| Additional sources of information | https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77178407-1 | |
| Safety | NA |