| Properties | Information | |
|---|---|---|
| PhytoCAT-ID | PhytoCAT-1098 | |
| Phytochemical name or plant extracts | Embelin | |
| PMID | 23425971 | |
| Literature evidence | In our previous studies, we have demonstrated that embelin is able to induce the apoptosis of MCF-7 breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. | |
| IUPAC name | 2,5-dihydroxy-3-undecylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione | |
| Phytochemicals’ class or type of plant extracts | Quinone | |
| Source of phytochemicals or plant Extracts | Embelia ribes | |
| Geographical availability | Assam, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Hainan, India, Jawa, Laos, Malaya, Myanmar, Nicobar Is., Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam | |
| Plant parts | Fruits | |
| Other cancers | Breast cancer | |
| Target gene or protein | SOD1, ERK1, ERK2, Bax, Bcl-2, XIAP | |
| Gene or Protein evidence | Embelin treatment resulted in activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and ROS accumulation, which correlated with downregulation of antioxidant protein SOD1 and consumption of redox modulator reduced glutathione in the XIAP-overexpressing cells. Moreover, embelin was demonstrated to promote mitochondrial release of cytochrome C via regulation of Bax and Bcl-2, resulting in the activation of caspase-3 and -9, while no significant changes in the level of caspase-8 were observed. Embelin primes IBC cells for TRAIL-mediated apoptosis by its direct action on the anti-caspase activity of XIAP and by shifting the cellular redox balance toward oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis. | |
| Target pathways | The results have demonstrated that embelin-induced apoptosis of MCF-7 breast cancer cells involves the mitochondrial pathway. | |
| IC50 | NA | |
| Potency | Moreover, embelin has the potent effect of restraining the cell cycle transition of breast cancer cells to blockade the cell cycle in G2/M phase, therefore altering the progression of the cell cycle to induce apoptosis. | |
| Cell line/ mice model | MCF-7, 4T1 | |
| Additional information | Embelin, an inhibitor of RANKL-induced NF-κB activation has great potential as a therapeutic agent for osteoporosis and cancer-linked bone loss. | |
| PubChem ID | 3218 | |
| Additional PMIDs | 20826545 23425971 22508521 34282169 33069102 12419914 25336399 | |
| Additional sources of information | https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:588451-1 | |
| Safety | NA |