| Properties | Information | |
|---|---|---|
| PhytoCAT-ID | PhytoCAT-819 | |
| Phytochemical name or plant extracts | Cynaroside | |
| PMID | 32847047 | |
| Literature evidence | The current findings of this study include a novel comprehensive investigation on the polyphenol composition and anticancer effects of leaf extracts of F. alnus and P. harmala from natural populations in Saudi Arabia. | |
| IUPAC name | 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | |
| Phytochemicals’ class or type of plant extracts | Flavonoid | |
| Source of phytochemicals or plant Extracts | Peganum harmala | |
| Geographical availability | Afghanistan, Algeria, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, China North-Central, Cyprus, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Egypt, Greece, India, Inner Mongolia, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Krym, Kuwait, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Mongolia, Morocco, North Caucasus, Pakistan, Palestine, Qinghai, Romania, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Sinai, South European Russi, Spain, Tadzhikistan, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Tuva, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya, Xinjiang, Yemen, Yugoslavia | |
| Plant parts | Leaves | |
| Other cancers | Breast cancer, Colorectal cancer, Cervical cancer | |
| Target gene or protein | NA | |
| Gene or Protein evidence | NA | |
| Target pathways | NA | |
| IC50 | 25.97 ± 1.7 µg/mL against MCF-7 | |
| Potency | Several polyphenols were identified by HPLC-DAD in the leaf extracts, including p-coumaric acid, rosmarinic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, quercitrin, rutoside, quercetin and trifolin, in F. alnus, and hydrocaffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid and cynaroside, in P. harmala. F. alnus and P. harmala leaf extracts showed antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities against cancer cells using MTT and flow cytometry assays. | |
| Cell line/ mice model | MCF-7, Jurkat, HeLa, and HT-29 | |
| Additional information | Cynaroside had a highly selective and strong cytotoxicity against T. b. brucei while showing only mild effects against cancer cells. | |
| PubChem ID | 5280637 | |
| Additional PMIDs | 32847047 21899551 | |
| Additional sources of information | https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:774545-1 | |
| Safety | NA |