| Properties | Information | |
|---|---|---|
| PhytoCAT-ID | PhytoCAT-2001 | |
| Phytochemical name or plant extracts | Crassin (C4) | |
| PMID | 29134467 | |
| Literature evidence | Diterpenoid natural compound C4 (Crassin) exerts cytostatic effects on triple-negative breast cancer cells via a pathway involving reactive oxygen species. | |
| IUPAC name | (4E,8E)-2,10-dihydroxy-4,8,12-trimethyl-16-methylidene-14-oxabicyclo[11.3.1]heptadeca-4,8-dien-15-one | |
| Phytochemicals’ class or type of plant extracts | Diterpenoid | |
| Source of phytochemicals or plant Extracts | Croton crassifolius | |
| Geographical availability | China Southeast, Hainan, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam | |
| Plant parts | Root | |
| Other cancers | Breast cancer | |
| Target gene or protein | pAKT, pERK | |
| Gene or Protein evidence | This decrease coincided with an unexpected increase in the expression of the cell survival effectors pAkt and pERK. In addition, we found that both the decreased cell viability and the increased pAkt/pERK levels could be rescued by the antioxidant NAC, suggesting a central role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mechanism of action of C4. | |
| Target pathways | NA | |
| IC50 | At 24h and 48h: 9.16 μM and 4.65 μM against MDA-MB-231 | |
| Potency | From our in vitro data we conclude that C4 exerts cytostatic effects on triple-negative breast cancer cells via a pathway involving reactive oxygen species. Its potential value in combination with cytotoxic therapies merits deeper investigation in pre-clinical models. | |
| Cell line/ mice model | MDA-MB-231 | |
| Additional information | Necrosis, apoptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis could be ruled out as cell death mechanisms. Instead, we found that C4 induced cytostasis downstream of ROS activation. Finally, we observed a synergistic effect between C4 and the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin in TNBC cells. | |
| PubChem ID | 5357909 | |
| Additional PMIDs | 28150949 | |
| Additional sources of information | https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:342364-1 | |
| Safety | NA |