| Properties | Information | |
|---|---|---|
| PhytoCAT-ID | PhytoCAT-1174 | |
| Phytochemical name or plant extracts | Carnosic acid | |
| PMID | 22828666 | |
| Literature evidence | These compounds inhibited the activity of the purified Na-K-ATPase which may contribute to this synergy. | |
| IUPAC name | (4aR,10aS)-5,6-dihydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydrophenanthrene-4a-carboxylic acid | |
| Phytochemicals’ class or type of plant extracts | Diterpenoid | |
| Source of phytochemicals or plant Extracts | Rosmarinus officinalis | |
| Geographical availability | Albania, Algeria, Baleares, Corse, Cyprus, East Aegean Is., Egypt, France, Greece, Italy, Libya, Morocco, Portugal, Sardegna, Sicilia, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, Yugoslavia | |
| Plant parts | Leaves | |
| Other cancers | Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Liver cancer, Leukemia | |
| Target gene or protein | AKR1C2, TNXRD1, HMOX1, GDF15, PHLDA1, DDIT3, ID3, CDKN2C, Cyclin B1 | |
| Gene or Protein evidence | At a higher dose, 20 mug/ml, carnosic acid activated the expression of antioxidant (AKR1C2, TNXRD1, HMOX1) and apoptosis (GDF15, PHLDA1, DDIT3) genes and suppressed the expression of inhibitor of transcription (ID3) and cell cycle (CDKN2C) genes. In contrast, treatment with CA and CSOL resulted in cytostatic G2/M arrest and an increase in cyclin B1 expression; thus, naturally-occurring rosemary and its constitutive terpenoids re-establish homeostatic control of proliferation and decrease cancer risk via distinct mechanisms. | |
| Target pathways | Extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways | |
| IC50 | 12 μg/ml against MDA-MB-453 | |
| Potency | Rosemary/carnosic acid, alone or combined with curcumin, may be useful to prevent and treat ER-negative breast cancer. | |
| Cell line/ mice model | MDA-MB-453, NCI-H82 , DU-145 , Hep-3B , K-562 , MCF-7, PC-3, MDA-MB-231 | |
| Additional information | Carnosic acid induced apoptosis through production of ROS and induction of ER stress in human renal carcinoma Caki cells. | |
| PubChem ID | 65126 | |
| Additional PMIDs | 22828666 25337586 30214619 20449663 | |
| Additional sources of information | https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:455509-1 | |
| Safety | NA |