| Properties | Information | |
|---|---|---|
| PhytoCAT-ID | PhytoCAT-784 | |
| Phytochemical name or plant extracts | Alizarin | |
| PMID | 22411621 | |
| Literature evidence | Importantly, Alizarin had a significantly lower inhibitory activity on normal cells (IC(50) for MSC, 828.6 µg/ml), thereby revealing a selective activity towards malignant cells. | |
| IUPAC name | 1,2-dihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione | |
| Phytochemicals’ class or type of plant extracts | Quinone | |
| Source of phytochemicals or plant Extracts | Rubia tinctorum | |
| Geographical availability | Afghanistan, Albania, Cyprus, East Aegean Is., Greece, India, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Kriti, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, North Caucasus, Pakistan, Palestine, Sicilia, South European Russi, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Xinjiang, Yugoslavia | |
| Plant parts | Root | |
| Other cancers | Breast cancer, Bone cancer | |
| Target gene or protein | NA | |
| Gene or Protein evidence | NA | |
| Target pathways | NA | |
| IC50 | 62.1 µg/ml against MDA-MB-231 | |
| Potency | We demonstrated that low dosages of Alizarin strongly inhibited the osteosarcoma (IC(50) for Saos-2, MG-63, and U-2 OS cells, 27.5, 29.0, and 69.9 µg/ml, respectively) and breast carcinoma (IC(50) for MDA-MB-231 cells, 62.1 µg/ml) cell proliferation in vitro. Importantly, Alizarin had a significantly lower inhibitory activity on normal cells (IC(50) for MSC, 828.6 µg/ml), thereby revealing a selective activity towards malignant cells. | |
| Cell line/ mice model | MDA-MB-231 | |
| Additional information | Furthermore, we found that Alizarin acted through the inhibition of ERK phosphorylation and cell cycle arrest in the S-phase. Finally, Alizarin significantly and strongly impaired both osteosarcoma and breast cancer tumorigenesis. | |
| PubChem ID | 6293 | |
| Additional PMIDs | 15579325 15537303 17092687 34010709 22411621 | |
| Additional sources of information | https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:765369-1 | |
| Safety | NA |