| Properties | Information | |
|---|---|---|
| PhytoCAT-ID | PhytoCAT-2000 | |
| Phytochemical name or plant extracts | 1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (XD) | |
| PMID | 33107489 | |
| Literature evidence | Therapeutic potential of xanthones from Swertia chirata in breast cancer cells | |
| IUPAC name | 1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthen-9-one | |
| Phytochemicals’ class or type of plant extracts | Xanthone | |
| Source of phytochemicals or plant Extracts | Swertia chirata | |
| Geographical availability | Assam, East Himalaya, Nepal, West Himalaya | |
| Plant parts | Aerial parts | |
| Other cancers | Breast cancer | |
| Target gene or protein | Bax, Bcl-2 | |
| Gene or Protein evidence | The significant (P<0.001) augmentation of intracellular Bax:Bcl-2 ratio showed the stringent sensitivity of cancer cells toward apoptosis signal when treated with XD. | |
| Target pathways | NA | |
| IC50 | 1 μM against MCF-7 5 μM against MDA-MB-231 | |
| Potency | XD among the xanthones found in S. chirata exerted significant therapeutic potential by inducing ROS mediated apoptosis in breast cancer cells both in vivo and in vitro at a low dosage being non-toxic to normal cells. Therefore, XD may emerge as a key chemotherapeutic agent in the future, overcoming the limitations of conventional chemotherapy. | |
| Cell line/ mice model | MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC), a mouse transplantable breast carcinoma cell line | |
| Additional information | Survivability of mice increased significantly when treated with XD compared to other xanthones and cisplatin. Significantly increased ROS and LPO were found in cancer cells as a result of XD treatment which was unaltered in normal cell line. XD induced DNA damage and apoptosis in cancer cell lines. | |
| PubChem ID | 5281623 | |
| Additional PMIDs | 33112542 | |
| Additional sources of information | https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60447535-2 | |
| Safety | From the preclinical aspect, our investigation showed xanthone to be non-toxic to mice. More detailed toxicity studies are needed to be performed in other rodent and non-rodent species. |