| Properties | Information | |
|---|---|---|
| PhytoCAT-ID | PhytoCAT-1492 | |
| Phytochemical name or plant extracts | α-linolenic acid | |
| PMID | 26134471 | |
| Literature evidence | ALA is shown for the first time to reduce cell growth and induce apoptosis regardless of receptor expression and E2 environment, by incorporating into BC phospholipids, supporting the use of ALA and ALA-rich foods as a safe, inexpensive complementary therapy for a wide range of BC. | |
| IUPAC name | (9E,12E,15E)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid | |
| Phytochemicals’ class or type of plant extracts | omega-3 fatty acid | |
| Source of phytochemicals or plant Extracts | Linum usitatissimum | |
| Geographical availability | Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, North Caucasus, Transcaucasus, Turkey | |
| Plant parts | NA | |
| Other cancers | Breast cancer | |
| Target gene or protein | FAS, liver X receptor (LXR), and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) | |
| Gene or Protein evidence | Of the omega-3 PUFAs tested, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) dramatically reduced FAS activity in a dose-dependent manner (up to 61%). The gene expression response of ALA in the mouse breast cancer cell line TM2H indicates this molecule has multiple cellular targets with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) target genes, liver X receptor (LXR), and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) target genes being affected. | |
| Target pathways | NA | |
| IC50 | NA | |
| Potency | Our results molecularly support a recent randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial suggesting that ALA may be a potential dietary alternative or adjunct to currently used drugs in the management of HER2-positive breast carcinomas. 2. ALA is shown for the first time to reduce cell growth and induce apoptosis regardless of receptor expression and E2 environment, by incorporating into BC phospholipids, supporting the use of ALA and ALA-rich foods as a safe, inexpensive complementary therapy for a wide range of BC. | |
| Cell line/ mice model | TM2H, MCF-7, BT-474, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 | |
| Additional information | α-linolenic acid (ALA), rich in flaxseed oil, has been shown to reduce growth and increase apoptosis in several BC cell lines, but the mechanism of action needs further understanding. | |
| PubChem ID | 184021992 | |
| Additional PMIDs | 24689209 23061909 11857389 12588699 15138577 17134970 32114592 10708934 11239764 15741054 24898224 25743093 | |
| Additional sources of information | https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:544772-1 | |
| Safety | NA |